I remember learning about the parts of speech from school house rock. My kids have an assignment with all these vintage videos. There assignment is to define the part of speech and then give 5 examples.

Nouns:

Verbs:

Interjections:

Adjectives:

Adverbs:

Pronouns:

Conjunctions:

Prepositions:

There are also terms that go along with the original eight according to Dr. Johanna Rubba's website such as proforms, determiner and qualifiers, etc.